A Basic Introduction to Polyhouse

A Basic Introduction to Polyhouse

As technology is evolving with every new day, we have seen drastic changes in the art of farming as well. Where traditional methods were thought to be sufficient for crop production, now they have little application and appeal towards consumers as the demand for off-season yields has seen a drastic increase. To answer all these questions and many more we found a common solution and that is a Polyhouse. Polyhouse has evolved the way of traditional farming in countries like India and Bangladesh and presented with new opportunities to get better and more yield while utilizing fewer resources.

Today in this article we will discuss Polyhouse, its basic introduction, and types, etc. We will also address any possible questions that you might have in mind regarding Polyhouse farming. We will be covering more topics on our blog regarding Polyhouse subsidies in India, Rajasthan subsidiary schemes, Poly house profit, and risk comparisons, and any other topic at our readers’ request. If you are a farmer and looking for a possible investment to yield more profit, polyhouse farming will be the best option for you to invest. This is the prime time as it is still a relatively new trend and in states like Rajasthan, there’s low competition with high scope.

This article will be your guide on all your basic questions about polyhouse. So, let’s start with the very basic concepts.

 What is a Polyhouse

A polyhouse is a type of specialized structure that utilizes the controlled climate condition for the growth of different plants and other farming needs. We use polythene sheets to cover the structure and separate the internal environment from that of the outside.

Size

The size of a polyhouse can range from a small-sized barn to that of very large buildings. It depends on your needs and the resources you have available for the construction of the polyhouse.

Material Used

Polyhouse used to utilize wooden frames to support the main structure. The modern-day polyhouses use many strengthened materials like G.I steel or aluminum rods to provide extra support and more strength. These materials make it possible for a polyhouse to stand in harsh weather conditions, even with a small size. These new polyhouses are most suitable for the harsh climate zones of India like Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.

The internal skeleton is then covered with polythene sheets to make sure that the internal heat and other climatic conditions can be altered and maintained without any external influence.

Greenhouse Vs Polyhouse

One of the questions that we get quite often is that what is the difference between a greenhouse and a polyhouse. Today we will make this clear and put this confusion to rest. A polyhouse is essentially a greenhouse. It can also be regarded as a type of greenhouse.

Traditionally the greenhouses were made with green-colored sheets to act as a roof. Then with advancement, we were introduced to more reliable plastic sources such as polythene. The success of this new polythene in a greenhouse as well as its low cost made it a material of choice. That is how this type of greenhouse got a new name, i.e., polyhouse.

 

Types of Polyhouse

With the current advancement, the business of polyhouse has taken some amazing shifts. There are dozens of different types of polyhouses based on the type of material used, their site, the yield taken from them, and so on. Mainly the polyhouse can be divided into two types. Here as this is a basic introduction to help you develop an understanding of polyhouse and develop some concepts on how it works, we will discuss the main two types.

Naturally ventilated Polyhouse

This is the most basic and traditional type of polyhouse. In this type, there is very minimal control of climatic change. Your plants and crops are mainly at the mercy of the climatic conditions prevailing outside. Although there are a few helping aids like fogger, drip irrigation system, ventilation control, and pest control system, they are still not enough to yield off-season crops.

Environmental controlled Polyhouse

They are the more sophisticated types of polyhouses. Fitted with some of the very useful added features including but not limited to, sunlight control, humidity, temperature, etc. These polyhouses prolong the crop period and you can also get some of the most exotic off-season varieties from them. Such polyhouses are also used in areas to produce crops that are otherwise uncultivatable in those regions.

What you can grow in a Polyhouse

These polyhouses are now used to cultivate almost anything under a synthetic roof. From off-season varieties of fruits to most exotic flowers, these polyhouses can yield any type of crop.

Mostly following varieties are obtained by utilizing these polyhouses

Fruit Crops

Strawberries, Raspberries, Citrus Fruit, Watermelon, Peach, Papaya, etc.

Herbs

Ginger and Turmeric are the most successful.

Flower Crops

Roses, Gerbera, Anthurium, Strelitzia, Carnations, Orchids, Chrysanthemum, Gladiolus, Marigold, etc.

Vegetables

Cabbage, Capsicum, Cauliflower, Chili, Tomatoes, Coriander, Onion, Bitter Gourd, Radish, Okra, etc.

Nursery Plantations

Ornamental indoor plants, Cacti, Colorful exotic plants, Miniature species, etc.

 

Advantages of Polyhouse Farming

Polyhouse farming is becoming the new norm of irrigation. It solved the biggest problems related to farming including those of desert farming as well as low water supply solutions.

 

Here are some of the most prominent advantages of polyhouse farming

  Crop Advantages

• You can grow off-season crops. Such crops can yield higher profits as they are in increased demand with little supply.
• You can enjoy a whole year yield of crops without having to wait for the season’s rotations.
• As you are controlling the factors like humidity, temperature, and sunlight, etc. There are very few chances of crop damage and loss.
• A drip irrigation system provides an effective solution for the scarcity of water supply. It is also more beneficial for crop growth.

Subsidiary and Cost Advantages

• In regions like Rajasthan, you can even avail subsidies for polyhouse farming. Here’s a link for more details on the subsidies available and form for the Rajasthan region,
• https://instapdf.in/rajasthan-application-form-for-subsidy-on-farm-implements/
• You can acquire a much greater yield by utilizing less space. As an estimate there can be an increase of 7-13% for different crops.
• Polyhouses need very little manual work which decreases the manpower require per crop, this can also help you cut down on expenses.

Quality and Quantity Advantages

• There is more control over pests and insects are your crops are less prone to lose due to them.
• The quality of the crop is relatively much higher.
• External environmental factors have little or no effect on the crops. Crops have a more favorable environment available for growth which eventually translates into higher profits.
• Fertilizer application becomes much easier, you can even use automated systems to makes sure each plant is getting a definite amount of fertilizer for optimum growth.
• Reduced cropping period helps farmers to get 2 or 3 corps per year.
• Polyhouse can have more efficient drainage and aeration mechanisms.
• More production of CO2 in a polyhouse is useful for plant growth.

When is the ideal time to construct a polyhouse?

A polyhouse is a great method to lengthen your growing season and shield your plants from inclement weather. However, the dilemma of when to construct a polyhouse still stands. The solution is straightforward; your plants need protection when the weather is ideal for building.

The optimal time to construct a polyhouse is typically in the spring or early summer. Your plants can thrive when the weather is nice and there is enough sunlight. Having a polyhouse will ensure that crops flourish and yield a bountiful harvest at this ideal season to sow them.

Building a polyhouse during the right time will not only help you protect your plants, but it will also create an aesthetically pleasing structure on your property. Imagine walking through your garden, surrounded by lush greenery and the beautiful structure of your polyhouse, and it will be an absolute delight for your eyes.

The best time to build a polyhouse is when the weather is perfect for construction and your plants need protection. With a polyhouse, you can extend your growing season, protect your crops, and enhance the beauty of your garden. So, don’t hesitate to start building your polyhouse today and enjoy the abundance of fresh produce and the stunning visual appeal it will bring to your garden.

How does polyhouse assist farmers in combating climate change?

• Marginal and small farmers Poly houses can allow small and marginal farmers to grow high-value crops, such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers, all year round. This can help them increase their income and improve their livelihoods.
• Farmers in areas with extreme weather conditions Polyhouses can protect crops from harsh weather conditions such as heavy rain, hailstorms, extreme heat, and cold temperatures. This can reduce the risks of crop failure and ensure a steady product supply throughout the year.
• Farmers practicing organic farming Polyhouses can offer a controlled environment to help farmers maintain the quality and quantity of crops without using harmful pesticides and chemicals. This can enable farmers to produce healthier, safer, and more sustainable food for consumers.
• Farmers producing high-value crops Polyhouses can provide a conducive environment for growing high-value crops such as strawberries, exotic vegetables, and herbs, which can fetch higher prices in the market. This can help farmers increase their profits and improve their economic status.
• Farmers seeking to reduce water usage Polyhouses can enable farmers to practice water-efficient techniques such as drip irrigation, which can reduce water usage by up to 70%. This can help farmers save on water bills and conserve this precious resource.
• In summary, polyhouses can help farmers in diverse ways, from increasing crop yields to enhancing crop quality and reducing production costs. With the increasing need for sustainable agriculture practices, polyhouses offer a viable solution to benefit farmers and the environment.

What are the different crops that are best grown in polyhouse?

Here are some of the best crops that you can grow in a poly house:

1. Tomatoes – Nothing beats the taste of juicy, sun-ripened tomatoes. And with a polyhouse, you can now grow them all year round! These tender, red beauties thrive in a warm and humid environment, making them perfect for a polyhouse. They are also straightforward to grow and require minimal maintenance.
2. Capsicums are versatile vegetables in various colors, shapes, and sizes. They require a warm and sunny environment to grow, which is perfect for a polyhouse. With a polyhouse, you can grow capsicums all year round, giving you a steady supply of these delicious vegetables.
3. Cucumbers – Crisp and refreshing cucumbers are a favorite in salads and sandwiches. They require a warm and humid environment to grow, making them perfect for a polyhouse. With a polyhouse, you can grow cucumbers all year round, ensuring a steady supply of these crunchy delights.
4. Strawberries – There’s nothing like ripe strawberries’ sweet, juicy taste. These delicate fruits require a relaxed and humid environment to grow, which can be challenging to achieve in the open field. However, with a polyhouse, you can easily control the temperature and humidity, making it the perfect environment for growing strawberries.
5. Herbs – Herbs are an essential part of any kitchen garden, and with a polyhouse, you can now grow them all year round. Whether it’s basil, mint, coriander, or parsley, these fragrant herbs thrive in a warm and humid environment, making them perfect for a polyhouse.

 

Structure and Components of a Polyhouse

A. Frame Structure

1. Material Selection for Frame Construction
2. Types of Frame Structures (Wood, Steel, Aluminum, PVC, etc.)
3. Frame Design Considerations (Shape, Size, Strength)

B. Covering Material

1. Polyethylene Film
   • Types of Polyethylene Film (Clear, Diffused, Anti-Condensation, etc.)
   • Thickness and Durability
   • Light Transmission and UV Stabilization
2. Polycarbonate Panels
   • Advantages and Disadvantages
   • Light Transmission and Heat Insulation
   • Longevity and Resistance to Hail and UV Radiation
3. Glass
   • Properties and Benefits
   • Light Transmission and Heat Retention
   • Maintenance and Fragility Considerations

C. Ventilation System

1. Side Vents and Roof Vents
2. Automated Ventilation Systems
3. Natural Ventilation Methods
   • Louvers and Shutters
   • Ridge Vents and Gable Vents

D. Heating System

1. Heating Requirements in Polyhouses
2. Types of Heating Systems
   • Hot Water or Steam Systems
   • Forced Air Heating Systems
   • Radiant Heating Systems
3. Energy Sources for Heating (Gas, Oil, Electricity, Biomass, etc.)

E. Cooling System

1. Importance of Cooling in Polyhouses
2. Natural Cooling Methods
   • Shade Nets and Screens
   • Wet Pad and Fan Cooling Systems
3. Evaporative Cooling Systems
4. Fogging Systems

F. Irrigation System

1. Drip Irrigation
   • Advantages and Water Efficiency
   • Components of a Drip Irrigation System
2. Sprinkler Irrigation
   • Benefits and Application Methods
   • Sprinkler Types and Placement
3. Water Storage and Distribution Systems
   • Tanks, Pumps, and Pipes
   • Filtration and Fertilizer Injection Systems

G. Shading and Screening

1. Shade Nets and Screens
   • Types of Shade Nets
   • Installation and Benefits
2. Insect Screens and Netting
   • Protection Against Pests and Insects
   • Material Selection and Installation

H. Benches and Growing Systems

1. Bench Design and Layout
2. Growing Containers and Trays
3. Vertical Growing Systems (Hydroponics, Tower Gardens, etc.)

I. Environmental Control and Monitoring

1. Temperature and Humidity Control
2. Light Intensity and Photoperiod Control
3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Enrichment
4. Automation and Sensor Technologies

J. Auxiliary Components

1. Shade Curtains and Light Diffusion Systems
2. Gutters and Drainage Systems
3. Electrical and Lighting Systems
4. Insulation and Energy-saving Measures

Environmental Control Systems in Polyhouses

Environmental control systems play a crucial role in maintaining optimal growing conditions within polyhouses. These systems help regulate temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to create a favorable environment for plant growth. Here are some key components and considerations:

A. Temperature Control

1. Heating Systems: Polyhouses may utilize various heating systems such as hot water or steam systems, forced air heating systems, or radiant heating systems. These systems provide heat during colder periods to maintain the desired temperature.
2. Cooling Systems: Cooling is essential to prevent excessive heat buildup. Natural cooling methods include shade nets, screens, and ventilation through side vents or roof vents. Evaporative cooling systems, such as wet pad and fan cooling systems, or fogging systems, can also be employed.

B. Humidity Control

1. Ventilation: Proper ventilation helps regulate humidity levels by allowing the exchange of indoor and outdoor air. Side vents, roof vents, or automated ventilation systems aid in maintaining the desired humidity range.
2. Dehumidification: In humid climates or during certain crop stages, dehumidification systems may be necessary to reduce excessive moisture levels. These systems help prevent disease development and ensure optimal plant growth.

C. Light Control

1. Natural Light: Polyhouse designs incorporate transparent covering materials like polyethylene film, polycarbonate panels, or glass to allow natural sunlight. Light transmission characteristics and strategies for maximizing light penetration should be considered during material selection and greenhouse orientation.
2. Artificial Lighting: In regions with limited sunlight or for specific crops, supplemental lighting can be used. High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), or fluorescent lights can provide the required light spectrum and intensity for plant growth.

D. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Control

1. CO2 Enrichment: Increasing CO2 levels within the polyhouse can enhance plant growth and productivity. CO2 can be supplied through various methods, such as gas burners or generators, CO2 tanks with regulators, or CO2 release systems.
2. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of CO2 levels is essential to maintain optimal concentrations. Carbon dioxide sensors can be installed to measure and control CO2 levels within the polyhouse.

E. Automation and Control Systems

1. Environmental Sensors: Sensors for temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 levels provide real-time data for monitoring and control.
2. Automated Control: Control systems can be programmed to adjust temperature, humidity, ventilation, and lighting based on predefined setpoints. This automation ensures consistent and precise environmental conditions.

Efficient environmental control systems help create an ideal growing environment for plants in polyhouses, leading to improved crop quality, increased yields, and better resource utilization. It is important to consider the specific requirements of different crops and the local climatic conditions when designing and implementing these systems.

Crop Selection and Cultivation Practices in Polyhouses

Polyhouses offer controlled environments that allow for the cultivation of a wide range of crops throughout the year. When selecting crops for polyhouse cultivation, several factors should be considered, including market demand, profitability, suitability to the controlled environment, and personal preferences. Here are some key aspects to consider:

A. Crop Selection

1. High-value Crops: Choose crops with a high market demand and value. Examples include tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, strawberries, leafy greens, herbs, and exotic or off-season fruits and vegetables.
2. Suitability to Controlled Environment: Select crops that thrive in the specific environmental conditions provided by the polyhouse, such as temperature, humidity, light levels, and CO2 concentration. Some crops that are well-suited for polyhouse cultivation include those with specific temperature requirements, heat-loving crops, and plants sensitive to pests and diseases.
3. Crop Rotation and Succession: Plan crop rotations and successions to maximize yield, prevent disease buildup, and optimize resource utilization. Consider the growth cycles, nutrient requirements, and pest susceptibility of different crops.

B. Cultivation Practices

1. Growing Medium: Choose the appropriate growing medium, such as soil, soilless media (e.g., coco coir, peat moss, perlite), or hydroponic systems based on the crop’s needs and cultivation objectives.
2. Irrigation and Fertilization: Implement efficient irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation or sprinklers, to provide water and nutrients to the plants. Nutrient solutions can be tailored to specific crop requirements and delivered through the irrigation system or hydroponic setups.
3. Training and Pruning: Train and prune plants to optimize space utilization, promote airflow, and facilitate light penetration. Techniques such as trellising, stake-and-weave, or plant-specific pruning methods help manage plant growth and improve yield and quality.
4. Pest and Disease Management: Implement integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to monitor, prevent, and control pests and diseases. This includes regular scouting, biological controls, cultural practices, and judicious use of pesticides when necessary.
5. Pollination: For crops requiring pollination, ensure adequate pollinator populations or consider manual pollination methods. Beehives or the introduction of pollinators can help ensure successful pollination and fruit set.
6. Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling: Follow proper harvesting techniques, handling, and storage practices to maintain crop quality and shelf life. Timing and methods for harvest, post-harvest treatments, and storage conditions vary depending on the crop.

It is essential to continually monitor and adjust cultivation practices based on crop progress, environmental conditions, and market demand. Additionally, keeping up with advancements in polyhouse technology and cultivation techniques can help optimize productivity and profitability.

Conclusion

If invested properly and managed well, these polyhouses can become your next big earning markets. They provide a convenient and more controlled way of farming so consequently; they have relatively low risk as compared to traditional farming. The need is to focus on training farmers to changes their traditional ways which will not only help them yield higher profits but will also boost up our economy. If utilized properly, polyhouse farming can get us enough yield to boost our agricultural exports.

This was all on the basic introduction of polyhouse farming. We will soon add more detailed articles on the advantages, disadvantages, and Dos and Don’ts of polyhouse farming. Please let us know if you have any other questions regarding polyhouse farming or this article. You can even leave your quarries in the comment section below; we will gladly help you. Till then, peace.

Poly House FAQ

What are Poly Houses?

A polyhouse is a type of specialized structure that utilizes the controlled climate condition for the growth of different plants and other farming needs. We use polythene sheets to cover the structure and separate the internal environment from that of the outside.

How do I get a Polyhouse subsidy?

Poly house subsidy are provide Central Govt. and State Govt. Two Type of Subsidy Avalible. National Horticulture Board (NHB) & National Horticulture Mission (NHM) . National Horticulture Board (NHB) Will be provide 50% subsidy of total Project cost. Maximum subsidy will be provide 56 Lac. NHB provide 2-3 structure one customer. & National Horticulture Mission (NHM) Will be provide 50% subsidy of total Project cost. NHM provide 1 structure one customer.

What is the cost of Polyhouse ?

Polyhouse cost is 844 Rs. Per Sqm. This Price decided by National Horticulture Board (NHB)

What is Average Size of Poly house ?

The size of a polyhouse can range from a small-sized barn to that of very large buildings. It depends on your needs and the resources you have available for the construction of the polyhouse. Minimum 500 Sqm. To 8000 Sqm.

What are the benefits of using a polyhouse for farming?

Polyhouses offer several benefits, such as higher crop yield, better quality produce, reduced water consumption, and protection against extreme weather conditions. They also allow for year-round farming, making it possible to grow crops even during off-seasons.